Egyptians love children, and there are lots of kid-friendly restaurants in Cairo. With kids, it's important to break them into the local food gently, making sure it's not too different from what they like at home, and giving them the chance to enjoy more familiar foods every now and then.
Felfela is a good introduction to Egyptian cuisine in pleasant surroundings. The staff are friendly, and there are enough familiar chicken and meat dishes for children to feel comfortable. Chicken Tikka is a more American dining experience, with an extensive salad bar and decent fries. Andrea is great for families, since there's a large outdoor garden. Its grills are traditional and yet accessible, and there is some alcohol for the parents too.
Maison Thomas is definitely a kid-friendly restaurant, great for that old stand-by, the pizza, and while Steaks is undeniably a posh restaurant, it does have a dedicated children's menu, which not many places in Cairo do. Children should like koshary, since it's really just pasta and tomato sauce (well, plus a few other bits and pieces!), but be careful not to let them use any of the chilli sauce, because it's very potent.
The feteers served at the Egyptian Pancake House are another kid-friendly traditional food, although the setting might be a little hectic if your kids are always running off. Chili's is familiar tex-mex, and Gad isn't a restaurant you'd want to eat in with your children - it's just too busy - but it's a good place to pick up some kid-friendly sarnies.
15 Hoda Shaarawy
Good albeit touristy introduction to Egyptian food...
44 El Hegaz Street
Spicy Chicken & Kebabs...
59-60 Marioutiya Canal, Kerdasa Rd, Harem
Shara Kerdessa, al-Haram
Family-Oriented Grill & Garden Terrace...
157, 26th of July Street
Open 24-7 for your pizza and pork fix...
1089 Corniche El Nil
Level 2, Four Seasons Hotel Cairo at Nile Plaza
Wining & Dining...
16 Champollion Street, on corner of Maarouf Street
Most famous koshary restaurant in Cairo...
2 El-Fawakeh Street, near to Mostafa Mahmoud Mosque
Mostafa Mahmoud Square
Overwhelming choice of Tex-Mex heaven...
Midan Hussein
Traditional Egyptian pancakes in Khan al Khalili bazaar...
54 Road 9
Big breakfasts at this American-style diner...
97 al Tahrir Street
Cheap and cheerful traditional Egyptian food to stay or go...